Research advances in adiponectin preventing osteoporosis by bone metabolism regulation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is one of the adipocytokines that have been found to be negatively correlated with obesity in recent years. As an endogenous bioactive peptide, adiponectin is shown to be associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and participate in the regulation of bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To describe the mechanism of adiponectin in bone metabolism, and mainly clarify the correlation of adiponectin with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases for the articles addressing the experimental research and research progress of adiponectin in bone metabolism published from 2003 to 2017. The keywords were "adiponectin, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, osteogensis, bone absorption" in English and Chinese, respectively. Adiponectin, its receptors, bone metabolism, adiponectin effects on bone formation and bone resorption were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adiponectin exerts a comprehensive effect on bone metabolism, mainly through autocrine, paracrine and endocrine, insulin signaling pathways. Besides, it exerts biological effects mostly by regulating OPG/RANKL/RANK system, especially in bone formation and bone resorption. Therefore, adiponectin may prevent osteoporosis by regulating bone metabolism.

Essential characteristics of hand-arm vibration in hand-held workpiece polishing / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To study the occupational exposure characteristics of hand-transmitted vibration in hand-held workpiece polishing and to provide the basis for occupational hazard prevention and control technology research in this kind of job. METHODS: The questionnaire and on site occupational health investigation were used to study 4 typical enterprises of hand-held workpiece polishing. The study was conducted by filling forms by enterprise,personal interviews with administrative staffs and front-line workers,as well as on site visit. RESULTS: Among the 4 factories,there were 835workers( 22. 4%) engaged in the hand-held workpiece polishing assignment. The principal vibrating tools used in these 4factories were polishing machine,flint glazing machine and polishing wheel,and the workpiece polished by workers were button,toilet lid,thermos,mobile phone shell and golf head. The polishing workers were all equipped with noise reduction earplugs and anti-dust respirators, but they did not wear anti-vibration gloves. The hand-held workpiece polishing assignment has the characteristics including indirect and continuous vibration exposure and fine operation. Some workers used their knees and abdomens as the support to polish workpieces. The vibration exposure time was 6-11 h / d. The 4hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration to vibration [ahw( 4)]was 1. 9-19. 4 m/s~2,with the maximum which exceeded the occupational exposure limit( 5. 0 m / s~2),showing a wide range ahw( 4)in the same enterprise. CONCLUSION: Compared with the traditional vibrating tools,the hand-held workpiece polishing operation has different characteristics of hand-transmitted vibration such as more sophisticated machine structure,finer polishing ways,more influencing factors of vibration exposure level and more extensive body parts involved.

Analysis on finger sensory examination among drill workers in a gold mine / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of hand-transmitted vibration exposure on the finger vibratory and pain perception thresholds among drill workers in a gold mine. METHODS: By the judgement sampling method,134 male drill workers from a gold mine in the northern area of China were selected as the hand-transmitted vibration exposure group and102 fit-up workers without vibration exposure in the same mine were chosen as the control group. The finger vibratory perception thresholds,the pain perception thresholds and the occupational health examination were conducted and analyzed in these two groups. Based on the self-report with vibration-induced white finger( VWF),the workers of hand-transmitted vibration exposure group were divided into non-VWF subgroup( 105 workers) and VWF subgroup( 29 workers). RESULTS: The incidence of finger numbness,pain and self-reported white finger in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the vibratory perception thresholds of the index finger,middle finger and ring finger of the right hand among the vibration exposure group workers were significantly higher( P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference in the vibratory perception thresholds of the left ring finger between the two groups( P > 0. 05). The vibratory perception thresholds of both ring fingers,right index finger and right middle-finger in VWF subgroup were higher than those in control group( P < 0. 05). But no significant differences was found in the above 4 indexes in these two groups after compared to those of control group,respectively( P > 0. 05). The vibratory perception thresholds of left ring finger,right ring finger and right index finger in VWF subgroup were all higher than those in non-VWF subgroup( P < 0. 05),but the vibratory perception thresholds of right middle finger in these two groups showed no significant difference( P > 0. 05). The pain perception thresholds of index finger,middle finger and ring finger in both hands of the vibration exposure group workers were all higher than those in control group( P < 0. 05). The pain perception thresholds of middle finger and ring finger in both hands of the VWF subgroup and non-VWF subgroup were higher than those of control group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The hand-transmitted vibration can increase the thresholds of finger vibratory and pain perception in drill workers. The finger sensory perception examination could be used to assist the early detection of peripheral nerve damage induced by hand-transmitted vibration.

Double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus combined with gemcitabine for treating an orthotopic nude mouse model of bladder cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of double-mutated oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 in combination with gemcitabine for treating bladder cancer in an orthotopic nude mouse model.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The susceptibility to the adenovirus was evaluated in bladder cancer cell lines YTS-1, T24, 5637 and KK47, and normal cell lines HCV29 and WI38. The cells were infected with AxCAlacZ and stained with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-galactoside (X-Gal). Immunostaining against adenoviral hexon protein was performed to determine the selective replication of AxdAdB-3 in the cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the YTS-1 cells in S phase of cell cycle after adenovirus infection. Cell viability after AxdAdB-3 and/or gemcitabine was measured by CCK-8 assay. Orthotopic bladder cancer model was established in nude mice, and the inhibitory efficacy of intravesical instillation therapy with AxdAdB-3 or/and gemcitabine was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gene transduction efficiency was different among the cell lines, and correlated with expression of CAR. 5637 and KK47 cells with high expression of CAR were more susceptible to the adenovirus, whereas YTS-1 and T24 cells with little CAR expression were resistant to adenoviral infection. Immunostaining showed that the expression levels of hexon protein varied among the cell lines. Normal cells infected with AxdAdB-3 expressed little hexon protein. The proportion of S-phase cells was (39 ± 3) % and (49 ± 5) % in the AxCAlacZ- and AxdAdB-3-infected bladder cancer cells, respectively. AxdAdB-3 effectively induced S-phase entry of cell cycle (P < 0.05). AxdAdB-3 combined with gemcitabine significantly inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cell lines. In vivo, the mean weight of the bladder tumors in mice treated with intravesical instillation of AxCAlacZ, gemcitabine, AxdAdB-3, and AxdAdB-3 + gemcitabine were 400.6, 126.4, 82. 0, 40.4 mg, respectively. Either AxdAdB-3 (P < 0.0001) and gemcitabine (P < 0.0001) suppressed the tumor growth in nude mice, and the combination therapy reduced tumors more effectively than either AxdAdB-3 (P < 0.0001) or gemcitabine (P < 0.0001) alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intravesical instillation therapy with AxdAdB-3 in combination with gemcitabine can effectively inhibit the orthotopic bladder cancer in nude mouse, and further relevant clinical studies are guaranteed.</p>

E1A, E1B double-restricted adenovirus enhances the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of gemcitabine to renal cell carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Our previous studies have demonstrated potent oncolysis efficacy of the E1A, E1B double-restricted replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus AxdAdB-3 for treatment of bladder cancer. Here, we reported the feasibility and efficacy of AxdAdB-3 alone, or in combination with gemcitabine for treating renal cell carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytopathic effects of AxdAdB-3 were evaluated in human renal cell carcinoma cell lines TOS-1, TOS-2, TOS-3, TOS-3LN, SMKT-R3, SMKT-R4 and ACHN, and in normal human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTEC). AxdAdB-3 induced down-regulation of the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Combination therapies of AxdAdB-3 with gemcitabine were evaluated in vitro and in vivo on subcutaneous TOS-3LN tumors in a severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) mouse model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AxdAdB-3 was potently cytopathic against the tested most renal cell carcinoma cell lines including TOS-2, TOS-3, TOS-3LN, SMKT-R3 and SMKT-R4, while normal human RPTEC were not destroyed. AxdAdB-3 effectively induced cell cycle S-phase entry. Combined therapy of AxdAdB-3 with gemcitabine demonstrated stronger antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo compared with either AxdAdB-3 or gemcitabine alone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AxdAdB-3 alone, or in combination with gemcitabine may be a promising strategy against renal cell carcinoma.</p>

Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in colorectal cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in patients with colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological data of 303 surgically treated patients with colorectal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation coefficient. The survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method, and the survival difference was assessed by Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard regression model in forward stepwise regression. Receiver working characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracy of the metastatic lymph nodes ratio in predicting the death of patients at 5 years postoperatively with that of the number of metastatic lymph nodes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MLR was not correlated with the total number of dissected lymph nodes (Spearman correlation coefficient: -0.099, P > 0.05), but the positive rate of metastatic lymph nodes did (correlation coefficient: 0.107, P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the MLR significantly influenced the postoperative survival time (Log-rank chi(2) = 42.878, P < 0.01), even in the patients with less than 12 resected lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rates for rN0, rN1, rN2 and rN3 were 90.9%, 68.9%, 54.7% and 39.4%, respectively. There was a significant difference between the different stages (P < 0.01). Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that the metastatic lymph node ratio was an independent prognostic factor. (EXP(B) = 7.809, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between metastatic lymph node ratio and the number of metastatic lymph nodes in predicting the death of patients at 5 years postoperatively based on the area under the receiver working characteristic curve.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The metastatic lymph node ratio in colorectal cancer patients is not correlated with the total number of dissected lymph nodes. The metastatic lymph node ratio is a major independent prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer. The ability of metastatic lymph node ratio in predicting the death of colorectal cancer patients at 5 years postoperatively is the same as that of the number of metastatic lymph nodes.</p>

Efficacy assessment of preoperative radiochemotherapy and analysis of associated factors in rectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of preoperative radiochemotherapy and investigate the influencing factors in rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with radiochemotherapy before surgery. Three-field technique of radiation therapy was administered with 46 Gy, 2 Gy per fraction, five times a week. Two cycles of chemotherapy were carried out at day 1, 2 and day 21, 22 during the radiation course. Surgery was performed 4-6 weeks after the radiochemotherapy. Response of preoperative radiochemotherapy was evaluated in all the patients by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), spiral computed tomography (SCT) and pathology. Influencing factors of the efficacy of radiochemotherapy were evaluated by univariate and Logistic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size and histological grading were associated with the efficacy of preoperative radiochemotherapy. Logistic regression analysis showed that only tumor size was the significant predictive factor for response to preoperative radiochemotherapy. All patients underwent surgical resection after preoperative radiochemotherapy. The tumor was reduced by an average of 32.1%. T-level down-staging was 64.2%. Nodal negativity was 58.1%. Complete pathologic remission occurred in 11 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative radiochemotherapy can shrink the primary tumor and decrease lymph node metastasis rate. Patient with small tumor may have better response to preoperative radiochemotherapy.</p>